| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Brewer, Peter | Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) | Principal Investigator |
| Ducklow, Hugh W. | Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystems Center (MBL - Ecosystems) | Principal Investigator |
| McCarthy, James J. | Harvard University | Principal Investigator |
| Takahashi, Taro | Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) | Principal Investigator |
| Williams, Robert | University of California-San Diego Scripps (UCSD-SIO) | Principal Investigator |
| Chandler, Cynthia L. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Merged hydrographic, nutrient and Carbon/Nitrogen chemistries from several investigators
Peter Brewer - Total alkalinity, total carbon dioxide
Hugh Ducklow - Particulate organic carbon and particulate nitrogen
James McCarthy - Ammonium
Taro Takahashi - Partial pressure of CO2, total CO2 and total alkalinity
Robert Williams - Pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients
| File |
|---|
bottle.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 110.22 KB) MD5:f3458c2af8b7ede1365a8cd5c0465265 Primary data file for dataset ID 2577 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| year | year (as YYYY) | dimensionless |
| event | event number from event log | dimensionless |
| sta | station number from event log | dimensionless |
| cast | cast number from event log | dimensionless |
| bot | bottle number | dimensionless |
| press | depth reported as pressure | decibars |
| depth | depth reported in meters | meters |
| temp | temperature of water (IPTS-68) | degrees C |
| potemp | potential temperature as calculated by Williams | degrees C |
| sal_bot | bottle salinity (Autosal; PPS-78) | dimensionless |
| sigma_t | sigma-t as calculated by Williams | kilogram/meter^3 |
| O2_ml_L | oxygen by Williams | milliliter/liter |
| NO3 | nitrate by Williams | micromoles/liter |
| NO2 | nitrite by Williams | micromoles/liter |
| PO4 | phosphate by Williams | micromoles/liter |
| SiO4 | silicate by Williams | micromoles/liter |
| NH4_orig | ammonium as originally received from McCarthy | nanomoles/liter |
| NH4 | ammonium from McCarthy, units converted by JGOFS Data Management Office | micromoles/liter |
| TPC | total particulate carbon by Ducklow | micromoles/liter |
| PON | particulate organic nitrogen by Ducklow | micromoles/liter |
| TALK_b | total alkalinity by Brewer | micromoles/kilogram |
| TCO2_b | total carbon dioxide by Brewer | micromoles/kilogram |
| TCO2_t | total carbon dioxide by Takahashi | micromoles/kilogram |
| pCO2_20 | partial pressure of CO2 at 20 degrees C by Takahashi | microatmospheres |
| TALK_t | total alkalinity calculated by Takahashi | micromoles/kilogram |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | MkIIICTD |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Neil Brown Mark III |
| Dataset-specific Description | An ODF-modified NBIS Mark 3 CTD was mounted on the rosette frame. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Neil Brown Instrument Systems Mark III Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instrument is an integral unit containing pressure, temperature and conductivity sensors with an optional dissolved oxygen sensor in a pressure-hardened casing. Developed in the 1970s, the Neil Brown CTD unit was able to digitize conductivity, temperature and pressure measurements at sufficient speeds to permit oceanographers to study 10 cm features at winch lowering speeds of 30 meters per minute. The most widely used variant in the 1980s and 1990s was the MK3B. The MK3C fitted with an improved pressure sensor to reduce hysteresis was developed to meet the requirements of the WOCE project. The instrument is no longer in production, but is supported (repair and calibration) by General Oceanics. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin Bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Dataset-specific Description | 30-liter PVC Niskin bottles mounted on the rosette frame were used to collect samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrient analyses. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | SeaTech Transmissometer |
| Generic Instrument Name | Sea Tech Transmissometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | A Seatech transmissometer was mounted on the rosette frame. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea Tech Transmissometer can be deployed in either moored or profiling mode to estimate the concentration of suspended or particulate matter in seawater. The transmissometer measures the beam attenuation coefficient in the red spectral band (660 nm) of the laser lightsource over the instrument's path-length (e.g. 20 or 25 cm). This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known. The Sea Tech Transmissometer was manufactured by Sea Tech, Inc. (Corvalis, OR, USA). |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantis II |
| Start Date | 1989-04-17 |
| End Date | 1989-05-11 |
| Description | early bloom cruise; 17 locations; 60N 21W to 46N 18W Methods & Sampling PI: 1) Peter Brewer, 2) Hugh Ducklow, 3) James McCarthy, 4)Taro Takahashi, 5) Robert Williams of: 1) University of South Florida, 2) Horn Point Environmental Laboratory 3) Harvard University, 4) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 5) Scripps Institute of Oceanography dataset: Basic hydrographic, nutrient and Carbon/Nitrogen chemistries dates: April 20, 1989 to June 06, 1989 location: N: 59.7418 S: 41.104 W: -23.022 E: -17.6433 project/cruise: North Atlantic Bloom Experiment/Atlantis II 119, leg 4 ship: R/V Atlantis II Methodology: Niskin/Rosette cast procedure (Williams) Pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients (Williams) Ammonium (McCarthy) Particulate organic carbon and particulate nitrogen (Ducklow) Total carbon dioxide (CO2) and total alkalinity (Brewer) Partial pressure of CO2, total CO2 and total alkalinity (Takahashi) References Note: DOC measurements were removed from this data by the data manager, at the request of Peltzer and Suzuki. Please see note from Edward Peltzer on DOC problems. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantis II |
| Start Date | 1989-05-15 |
| End Date | 1989-06-06 |
| Description | late bloom cruise; 31 locations; 61N 22W to 41N 17W Methods & Sampling PI: 1) Peter Brewer, 2) Hugh Ducklow, 3) James McCarthy, 4)Taro Takahashi, 5) Robert Williams of: 1) University of South Florida, 2) Horn Point Environmental Laboratory 3) Harvard University, 4) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 5) Scripps Institute of Oceanography dataset: Basic hydrographic, nutrient and Carbon/Nitrogen chemistries dates: April 20, 1989 to June 06, 1989 location: N: 59.7418 S: 41.104 W: -23.022 E: -17.6433 project/cruise: North Atlantic Bloom Experiment/Atlantis II 119, leg 4 ship: R/V Atlantis II Methodology: Niskin/Rosette cast procedure (Williams) Pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients (Williams) Ammonium (McCarthy) Particulate organic carbon and particulate nitrogen (Ducklow) Total carbon dioxide (CO2) and total alkalinity (Brewer) Partial pressure of CO2, total CO2 and total alkalinity (Takahashi) References Note: DOC measurements were removed from this data by the data manager, at the request of Peltzer and Suzuki. Please see note from Edward Peltzer on DOC problems. |
One of the first major activities of JGOFS was a multinational pilot project, North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE), carried out along longitude 20° West in 1989 through 1991. The United States participated in 1989 only, with the April deployment of two sediment trap arrays at 48° and 34° North. Three process-oriented cruises where conducted, April through July 1989, from R/V Atlantis II and R/V Endeavor focusing on sites at 46° and 59° North. Coordination of the NABE process-study cruises was supported by NSF-OCE award # 8814229. Ancillary sea surface mapping and AXBT profiling data were collected from NASA's P3 aircraft for a series of one day flights, April through June 1989.
A detailed description of NABE and the initial synthesis of the complete program data collection efforts appear in: Topical Studies in Oceanography, JGOFS: The North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (1993), Deep-Sea Research II, Volume 40 No. 1/2.
The U.S. JGOFS Data management office compiled a preliminary NABE data report of U.S. activities: Slagle, R. and G. Heimerdinger, 1991. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Process Study Data Report P-1, April-July 1989. NODC/U.S. JGOFS Data Management Office, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 315 pp. (out of print).
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| National Science Foundation (NSF) |