Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Program Information

SOIREE Modeling - pCO2
Surface pCO2 time series
Time series of daily averaged surface water pCO2 (in situ temperature, 100% wet)
(inside and outside the fertilized patch)

SOIREE Modeling
Updated October 2000
Authors: E. Hannon, C. Lancelot, P.W. Boyd
Contact: Prof. C. Lancelot (ESA-ULB, CP221, Campus Plaine, Bd du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, lancelot@ulb.ac.be)

Note: these model runs were performed with the SWAMCO model.

See details relative to model concepts, parameterization and adaptation to SOIREE in:
Lancelot, C., E. Hannon, S. Becquevort, C. Veth, and H. J. W. de Baar. 2000.
Modelling phytoplankton blooms and related carbon export production in the Southern Ocean:
application to the Atlantic sector in Austral spring 1992. Deep-Sea Res., Part I, 47, 1621-1662.

Hannon, E., P. W. Boyd, M. Silvoso and C. Lancelot. (this issue). Modeling the bloom evolution
and carbon flows during SOIREE: Implications for future in situ iron-enrichments in the Southern Ocean.
Deep-Sea Res. II.


Model results are compiled in the file "SOIREEmodel.xls"
This file includes 7 sheets:
Var.out: state variables time series (outside the patch)
Var.in: state variables time series (inside the patch)
Act.out: activities (biogenic elements fluxes) time series (outside the patch)
Act.in: activities (biogenic elements fluxes) time series (inside the patch)
BudgetC: integrated carbon budget
pCO2: surface pCO2 time series
Forcing: hydro-meteorological forcings


Comments:
Sheet 1 (Var.out):
60 days (10/02/1999 to 10/04/1999) time series of the state variables values, averaged daily
and over the upper mixed layer (UML)
See state variables list in Table 1 below.
Diatoms and autotrophic nanoflagellates chlorophyll a (columns AH, AI) are estimated on the
basis of the functional and structural metabolites concentration (state variables DAF and NFF),
using a conversion factor of 0.5 mg chla / mmol C

Sheet 2 (Var.in):
see Sheet 1

Sheet 3 (Act.out):
activities time series (outside the patch)
60 days (10/02/1999 to 10/04/1999) time series of the activities (biogenic elements fluxes)
values, integrated over the upper mixed layer (UML) and daily averaged.
See activities list in Table 2 below.

Sheet 4 (Act.in):
see Sheet 3

Sheet 5 (BudgetC):
Carbon budget of the Upper Mixed Layer, calculated over 13 days (site occupation of SOIREE) and
60 days since the initial iron release (inside and outside the fertilized patch)

Sheet 6 (pCO2):
Time series of daily averaged surface water pCO2 (in situ temperature, 100% wet) (inside and
outside the fertilized patch)

Sheet 7 (Forcing):
Time series of daily averaged wind velocity (m s-1), sea surface temperature (°C), and
mixed layer depth (m).

Table 1. SWAMCO state variables
activity				code		unit
diatoms photosynthesis			photDA		mmol m-2 day-1
diatoms respiration			respDA		mmol m-2 day-1
diatoms growth				sDAF		mmol m-2 day-1
diatoms lysis	l			ysDA		mmol m-2 day-1
nanoflagellates photosynthesis		photNF		mmol m-2 day-1
nanoflagellates respiration		respNF		mmol m-2 day-1
nanoflagellates growth			sNFF		mmol m-2 day-1
nanoflagellates lysis			lysNF		mmol m-2 day-1
NO3 uptake				NO3upt		mmol m-2 day-1
NH4 uptake by phytoplankton		NH4upt		mmol m-2 day-1
mesozooplankton grazing on diatoms	MSgDA		mmol m-2 day-1
mesozooplankton grazing on microzoo	MSgMC		mmol m-2 day-1
MCZ grazing on autotrophic nanofalg.	MCgNF		mmol m-2 day-1
MCZ grazing on heterotrophic nanoflag.	MCgHNF		mmol m-2 day-1
HNF grazing on bacteria			HNFgBAC		mmol m-2 day-1
bacteria growth				muBAC		mmol m-2 day-1
ammonification				NregBAC		mmol m-2 day-1
NH4 regeneration by protozooplankton	NregZOO		mmol m-2 day-1
PO4 regeneration by protozooplankton	Preg		mmol m-2 day-1
Fe regeneration by protozooplankton	Fereg		µmol m-2 day-1
POC export production (110m)		sed		mmol m-2 day-1
diatoms (C) export production (110m)	sedDA		mmol m-2 day-1
diatoms (Si) export production (110m)	sedBSi		mmol m-2 day-1
sea to air CO2 flux			CO2flux		mmol m-2 day-1
DIC upwelling				upwDIC		mmol m-2 day-1
Fe upwelling				upwFe		µmol m-2 day-1
bacteria autolysis			lysBAC		mmol m-2 day-1
HNF autolysis				lysHNF		mmol m-2 day-1
MCZ autolysis				lysMCZ		mmol m-2 day-1
POC export production out of the UML	sedUML		mmol m-2 day-1

Table 2. SWAMCO activities (fluxes of biogenic elements)	
activity						code		unit
Functional and structural metabolites (diatoms)		DAF		mmol C m-3
Monomeric substrates (diatoms)				DAS		mmol C m-3
Reserve material (diatoms)				DAR		mmol C m-3
Functional and structural metabolites (nanoflag.)	NFF		mmol C m-3
Monomeric substrates (nanoflag.)			NFS		mmol C m-3
Reserve material (nanoflag.)				NFR		mmol C m-3
Microzooplankton					MCZ		mmol C m-3
Heterotrophic nanoflagellates				HNF		mmol C m-3
Bacteria						BAC		mmol C m-3
monomeric substrates for bacteria (C)			BSC		mmol C m-3
dissolved organic C (high biodeg.)			DC1		mmol C m-3
dissolved organic C (low biodeg.)			DC2		mmol C m-3
particulate organic C (high biodeg.)			PC1		mmol C m-3
particulate organic C (low biodeg.)			PC2		mmol C m-3
monomeric substrates for bacteria (N)			BSN		mmol N m-3
dissolved organic N (high biodeg.)			DN1		mmol N m-3
dissolved organic N (low biodeg.)			DN2		mmol N m-3
particulate organic N (high biodeg.)			PN1		mmol N m-3
particulate organic N (low biodeg.)			PN2		mmol N m-3
dissolved organic P (high biodeg.)			DP1		mmol P m-3
dissolved organic P (low biodeg.)			DP2		mmol P m-3
particulate organic P (high biodeg.)			PP1		mmol P m-3
particulate organic P (low biodeg.)			PP2		mmol P m-3
nitrate							NO3		mmol N m-3
ammonium						NH4		mmol N m-3
phosphate						PO4		mmol P m-3
silicic acid						DSi		mmol Si m-3
biogenic Si						BSi		mmol Si m-3
total dissolved iron					DFe		µmol Fe m-3
total dissolved inorganic carbon			DIC		µmol kg-1
total alkalinity					ALK		µmol kg-1

See SOIREE Introduction and Summary, Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2425-2438

See SOIREE Introduction and Summary, Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2425-2438

BCO-DMO Processing Notes

Generated from original file SOIREEmodel.xls, Tab: pCO2 provided on the

Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) accompanying CD-Rom

BCO-DMO Edits

- parameter names modified to conform to BCO-DMO convention

- date formatted as YYYYMMDD

- number values padded to two decimal places

Coverage: Southern Ocean

Project in the Southern Ocean aimed at maintaining a coherent patch of iron-enriched seawater for the duration of project and to interpret any iron-mediated effects on the patch by conducting measurements and performing experiments during this period of the project.

The Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE), was the first in situ iron fertilization experiment performed in the polar waters of the Southern Ocean. SOIREE was an interdisciplinary study involving participants from six countries, and took place in February 1999 south of the Polar Front in the Australasian-Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

Approximately 3800 kg of acidified FeSO4.7H2O and 165 g of the tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) were added to a 65-m deep surface mixed layer over an area of ~50 km2. Initially, mean dissolved iron concentrations were ~2.7 nM, but decreased to ambient levels within days, requiring subsequent additions of 1550-1750 kg of acidified FeSO4.7H2O on days 3, 5 and 7 of the experiment.

During the 13-day site occupation, there were iron-mediated increases in phytoplankton growth rates, with marked increases in chlorophyll a (up to 2 µgl-1) and production rates (up to 1.3 gCm-2d-1). These resulted in subsequent changes in the pelagic ecosystem structure, and in the cycling of carbon, silica and sulphur, such as a 10% drawdown of surface CO2.

The SOIREE bloom persisted for >40 days following our departure from the site, as observed via SeaWiFS remotely sensed observations of Ocean Colour.

BCO-DMO Note:
All original data and metadata provided on a CD-Rom accompanying the Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) volume. The CD-Rom contains the main SOIREE datasets and ancillary information including the pre-experiment 'desktop' database study for site-selection, and satellite images of the SOIREE bloom.
© 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Related files

SOIREE Preliminary Voyage Report
SOIREE Introduction and Summary, Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2425-2438
SOIREE Cruise Track

Coverage: Global

The two main objectives of the Iron Synthesis program (SCOR Working Group proposal, 2005), are:
1. Data compilation: assembling a common open-access database of the in situ iron experiments, beginning with the first period (1993-2002; Ironex-1, Ironex-2, SOIREE, EisenEx, SEEDS-1; SOFeX, SERIES) where primary articles have already been published, to be followed by the 2004 experiments where primary articles are now in progress (EIFEX, SEEDS-2; SAGE, FeeP); similarly for the natural fertilizations S.O.JGOFS (1992), CROZEX (2004/2005) and KEOPS (2005).

2. Modeling and data synthesis of specific aspects of two or more such experiments for various topics such as physical mixing, phytoplankton productivity, overall ecosystem functioning, iron chemistry, CO2 budgeting, nutrient uptake ratios, DMS(P) processes, and combinations of these variables and processes.

SCOR Working Group proposal, 2005. "The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichments: Data Compilation and Modeling".
http://www.scor-int.org/Working_Groups/wg131.htm

See also: SCOR Proceedings Vol. 42 Concepcion, Chile October 2006, pgs: 13-16 2.3.3 Working Group on The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichments: Data Compilation and Modeling.

The first objective of the Iron Synthesis program involves a data recovery effort aimed at assembling a common, open-access database of data and metadata from a series of in-situ ocean iron fertilization experiments conducted between 1993 and 2005. Initially, funding for this effort is being provided by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).

Through the combined efforts of the principal investigators of the individual projects and the staff of Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO), data currently available primarily through individuals, disparate reports and data agencies, and in multiple formats, are being collected and prepared for addition to the BCO-DMO database from which they will be freely available to the community.

As data are contributed to the BCO-DMO office, they are organized into four overlapping categories:
1. Level 1, basic metadata
(e.g., description of project/study, general location, PI(s), participants);
2. Level 2, detailed metadata and basic shipboard data and routine ship's operations
(e.g., CTDs, underway measurements, sampling event logs);
3. Level 3, detailed metadata and data from specialized observations
(e.g., discrete observations, experimental results, rate measurements) and
4. Level 4, remaining datasets
(e.g., highest level of detailed data available from each study).

Collaboration with BCO-DMO staff began in March of 2008 and initial efforts have been directed toward basic project descriptions, levels 1 and 2 metadata and basic data, with detailed and more detailed data files being incorporated as they become available and are processed.

Related file

Program Documentation

The Iron Synthesis Program is funded jointly by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).