{"@context":{"content":"http:\/\/purl.org\/rss\/1.0\/modules\/content\/","dc":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/","foaf":"http:\/\/xmlns.com\/foaf\/0.1\/","og":"http:\/\/ogp.me\/ns#","rdfs":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#","sioc":"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/sioc\/ns#","sioct":"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/sioc\/types#","skos":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2004\/02\/skos\/core#","xsd":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema#","owl":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2002\/07\/owl#","rdf":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/02\/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","rss":"http:\/\/purl.org\/rss\/1.0\/","site":"https:\/\/osprey.bco-dmo.org\/ns#","odo":"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/","emo":"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/entity-matching#","bibo":"http:\/\/purl.org\/ontology\/bibo\/","crypto":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/preservation\/cryptographicHashFunctions\/","bcodmo":"http:\/\/lod.bco-dmo.org\/id\/","tw":"http:\/\/tw.rpi.edu\/schema\/","dcat":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/ns\/dcat#","time":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2006\/time#","geo":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2003\/01\/geo\/wgs84_pos#","geosparql":"http:\/\/www.opengis.net\/ont\/geosparql#","sf":"http:\/\/www.opengis.net\/ont\/sf#","void":"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/ns\/void#","sd":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/ns\/sparql-service-description#","dctype":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/dcmitype\/","prov":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/ns\/prov#","schema":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","geolink":"http:\/\/schema.geolink.org\/1.0\/base\/main#","spdx":"http:\/\/spdx.org\/rdf\/terms#","bcodmo_vocab":"http:\/\/schema.bco-dmo.org\/"},"@id":"http:\/\/lod.bco-dmo.org\/id\/dataset\/544398#graph","@graph":[{"http:\/\/lod.bco-dmo.org\/id\/dataset\/544398":{"@id":"http:\/\/lod.bco-dmo.org\/id\/dataset\/544398","@type":["http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/DeploymentDatasetCollection","http:\/\/www.w3.org\/ns\/dcat#Dataset","http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/Dataset"],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasAcquisitionDescription":[{"@value":"<div><p><strong>Collection and sample preparation:<\/strong><br \/>\nThis study was carried out in August-October 2013 in Moorea, French Polynesia, using organisms collected from the back reef of the north shore at ~1-2m depth. The organisms were used to construct communities in outdoor flumes matching the contemporary (in 2013) mean cover of a back reef in Moorea (Carpenter, 2014; Edmunds, 2014). Coral communities were built from the four dominant coral taxa found on the back reefs of Moorea: massive Porites spp. (11% cover), Porites rus (6%), Montipora spp. (3 %), and Pocillopora spp. (2 %), that together accounted for 98% of the coral cover. In addition to corals, 6% of the surface comprised crustose coralline algae that consisted of 66% Porolithon onkodes and 33% Lithophyllum flavescens. After collection of corals and algae (10cm\u00d710 cm), they were returned to the Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research and attached to plastic supports using epoxy glue. Following preparation, samples were left to recover in a seawater table for 3 d. Sediments were collected from the lagoon on the north shore, ~200m from the reef crest, at 2m depth using 24 custom made boxes (0.4m\u00d70.3m\u00d70.3m). Sediment boxes were inserted into the sediment and left in situ for 4 d to allow sediment stratification to be established naturally before transfer to the flumes.<\/p>\n<p>The 4 outdoor flumes consisted of a working section measuring 5.0m\u00d70.3m\u00d70.3m. Water was re-circulated using water pumps (W. Lim Wave II 373 J s-1) to obtain a 10 cm s-1 flow. Flow was measured across the working section of the flume using a Nortek Vectrino Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. At each end of the flume seawater passed through an 88 cm transition section (rectangular to circular) that housed 20 cm (length) flow straighteners made of stacked, 3 cm diameter PVC pipe, and then into a 12.5 cm return section. Fresh sand-filtered seawater, pumped from Cook\u2019s Bay at 12m depth, was dispensed continuously into the flume at 5 L min-1. Flumes experienced natural sunlight that was attenuated using screen to maintain irradiances similar to ambient irradiances in the back reefs of Moorea (daily maximum of ~1500 \u00b5mol photons m-2 cm-1 over the incubation period determined with a 4 quantum sensor LI-193 and a LiCor LI-1400 meter).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Carbonate chemistry control and measurements:<\/strong><br \/>\nTwo flumes were maintained at ambient conditions and two at a pCO2 expected by the end of the present century under a pessimistic scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, ~1300 \u00b5atm, Moss et al., 2010). Control of the pCO2 was accomplished using a pH-stat (Aquacontroller, Neptune systems, USA) and pH was maintained 0.1 unit lower at night (from 18:00:00 to 6:00:00 LT) than during the day to match the natural diel variation in pH in the back reef of Moorea. pH was measured daily using a portable pH meter (Orion 3-stars, Thermo-Scientific, USA) fitted with a DG 115-SC pH probe (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland) calibrated every other day with Tris\/HCl buffers (Dickson et al., 2007). pH also was measured spectrophotometrically using m-cresol dye (Dickson et al., 2007) at regular intervals. Measurement of total alkalinity (AT) was made using open-cell potentiometric titrations (Dickson et al., 2007) using 50mL samples of seawater collected every 2-3 d. Parameters of the carbonate system in seawater were calculated using the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2013).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Calcification measurements:<\/strong><br \/>\nCalcification rates were measured using the total alkalinity anomaly method (Chisholm and Gattuso, 1991). Calcification measurements were made every 7 d on the constructed community, and in the analysis of sediments alone, after 7, 30, and 56 d incubation. During incubations, the addition of seawater was stopped so that each flume was a closed loop; seawater samples for AT were taken every 3 h during the day and every 6 h at night. To maintain AT and nutrients close to ambient levels, water in the flumes was refreshed every 6 h for 30 min. Nutrient changes in the flumes were monitored during 4 incubations and the changes in nitrate and ammonium during incubations were &lt; 2 \u00b5mol L-1. To conduct incubations with sediments alone, corals and coralline algae were removed from the flumes for 24 h and held in a separate tank where conditions were identical to those in the flumes. Corals and coralline algal calcification was calculated by subtracting the mean light and dark net calcification of the sediment from the community calcification. For both corals and algae, buoyant weight (Davies, 1989) was recorded before and after incubation and converted to dry weight to quantify the contribution of each functional group to the calcification budget.<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasBriefDescription":[{"@value":"Calcification rates of communities and sediment in a flume","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"@value":"<div><p><span style=\"font-size:12.7272720336914px\">This data set includes calcification rates of both the flume community (coral, calcified algae, sediment) and the sediment alone<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.7272720336914px\">.\u00a0<\/span>To investigate the response of coral reef communities to OA, we used large outdoor flumes in which communities composed of calcified algae, corals, and sediment were combined to match the percentage cover of benthic communities in the shallow back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. Reef communities in the flumes were exposed to ambient (400 \u03bcatm) and high pCO2 (1300 \u03bcatm) for 8 weeks, and calcification 10 rates measured for the constructed communities including the sediments. Community calcification was depressed 59% under high pCO2, with sediment dissolution explaining 50% of this decrease; net calcification of corals and calcified algae remained positive, but was reduced 29% under elevated pCO2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Related Reference:<\/strong><br \/>\nComeau, S., Carpenter, R. C., Lantz, C. A., and Edmunds, P. J. (2015) Ocean acidification accelerates dissolution of experimental coral reef communities, Biogeosciences, 12, 365-372, doi:10.5194\/bg-12-365-2015. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biogeosciences.net\/12\/365\/2015\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.biogeosciences.net\/12\/365\/2015\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Comeau, S., Edmunds, P. J., Lantz, C. A., &amp; Carpenter, R. C. (2014). Water flow modulates the response of coral reef communities to ocean acidification. Scientific Reports, 4. doi:10.1038\/srep06681<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additional related datasets:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/544354\">carbonate chemistry - flume expt<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/518491\">algae_calcification<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/518462\">coral_calification<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/3814\">carbonate_chemistry<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/3788\">light_dark_calcification<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/3785\">mean_calcification<\/a><\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#label":[{"@value":"calcification rates - flume expt","@type":"xsd:string"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasProcessingDescription":[{"@value":"<div><p><strong>Statistical analysis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All analyses were performed using R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) and assumptions of normality and equality of variance were evaluated through graphical analyses of residuals. Calcification rates were analyzed using a repeated measure ANOVA in which the within subject factor was time (week), pCO2 was a fixed effect, and duplicate flumes were a nested effect.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date, reference information<br \/>\n-renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard<br \/>\n-added lab, lat, lon of\u00a0experimental site <span style=\"font-size:12.7272720336914px\">(Richard B. Gump Research Site, Moorea)<\/span>, deployment id columns<br \/>\n-added 'day_local', 'month_local', 'year', 'yrday_local' to served view<br \/>\n-reformated date from m\/d\/yyyy to yyyy-mm-dd<br \/>\n-reduced number of significant digits<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"@value":"544398","@type":"xsd:int"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"@value":"calcification rates - flume expt"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date":[{"@value":"2015-01-06T09:12:29-05:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/created":[{"@value":"2015-01-06T09:12:29-05:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/modified":[{"@value":"2023-07-07T16:10:26-04:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/ns\/void#inDataset":[{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/namedGraph":[{"@value":"urn:bcodmo:dataset:544398","@type":"xsd:token"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/osprey_page":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/544398"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/identifier":[{"@value":"_:Identifier544398"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/datasetTitle":[{"@value":"Calcification rates of communities and sediment in a flume from Richard B Gump Research Station - Moorea LTER, French Polynesia from 2013 (MCR LTER project, OA_Corals project)","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/abstract":[{"@value":"","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"@id":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/deprecated":[{"@value":"false","@type":"xsd:boolean"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/spatialCoverage":[{"@value":"_:spatialCoverage544398"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/bibliographicCitation":[{"@value":"Carpenter, R., Edmunds, P. 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