| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Smith, Walker O. | Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) | Principal Investigator |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Continuous collection of temperature, salinity, oxygen, optical backscatter, and fluorescence data; methods described in details in Kaufman et al. (2014)
Related Refrence:
Daniel E. Kaufman, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Walker O. Smith Jr., Bastien Y. Queste, Karen J. Heywood. (2014) Biogeochemical variability in the southern Ross Sea as observed by a glider deployment. Deep Sea Research Part 92:93-106. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.06.011 (pdf)
BCO-DMO Processing:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard
- replaced NaN's with nd's
| File |
|---|
penguin_glider.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 124.93 MB) MD5:cd1a785f1b6f2bf3405ae44b48a2b085 Primary data file for dataset ID 568868 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| dive | Entire ‘V-shaped’ glider dives from surface to depth and back | unitless |
| julian_day_yr0 | Matlab serial date number; 0 = 00 Jan 0000 00:00:00 | unitless |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted; based on ISO 8601:2004(E) | 2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time) |
| lon | longitude; east is positive | decimal degrees |
| lat | latitude; north is positive | decimal degrees |
| depth | Depth from pressure; GSW (Gibbs SeaWater Oceanographic) Toolbox1 | meters |
| temp | Temperature | degrees Celsius |
| sal | Practical salinity from conductivity; GSW Toolbox1 | PSU |
| sigma_0 | Potential density anomaly: potential density minus 1000 kg/m3 from absolute salinity and potential temperature; GSW Toolbox1 | kilograms/meter^3 |
| fluor | Fluorescence counts | counts |
| chl_raw | Chlorophyll estimated from fluorescence counts using the chlorophyll regression from Kaufman et al. 2014 | milligram/meter^3 |
| bbp700 | Total volume scattering at 700 nm | /m/square radian |
| bbp470 | Total volume scattering at 470 nm | /m/square radian |
| POC | Particulate organic carbon estimated from optical backscattering measurements (see Jones MS thesis; College of William and Mary; 2015) | mg C/m3 |
| O2_cal | Oxygen concentration; corrected for oxygen optode instrument time lag | umol/kg |
| O2_sat_pcnt | Air saturation; corrected for oxygen optode instrument time lag | percent |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | |
| Generic Instrument Name | Seaglider |
| Dataset-specific Description | Southern Ross Sea, bounded by -77.438 and 167.73E, and extending to 76.771 and 171.98E; the glider made repeated short transects in a restricted area using a repeated bow-tie?/V-shaped? pattern. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Seaglider is an autonomous underwater vehicle developed through a collaboration between The Applied Physics Laboratory -University of Washington and the University of Washington School of Oceanography. These small, free-swimming vehicles can gather conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data from the ocean for months at a time and transmit it to shore in near-real time via satellite data telemetry. Seagliders make oceanographic measurements traditionally collected by research vessels or moored instruments. They can survey along a transect, profile at a fixed location, and can be commanded to alter their sampling strategies throughout a mission. |
| Website | |
| Platform | iRobot Seaglider |
| Start Date | 2012-11-22 |
| End Date | 2013-02-08 |
| Description | Glider made dives in short sections in a small area in the Ross Sea. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2013-01-06 |
| End Date | 2013-02-09 |
| Description | Seaglider AUV-SG-503-2012 was recovered on this cruise. Methods & Sampling NBP1210 picked up Seaglider AUV-SG-503-2012. |
Description from NSF award abstract:
The Ross Sea is believed to contributes a huge portion (~1/3) of the primary productivity of the Southern Ocean and is home to a similar large portion of the top predators (e.g. 38% of Adelie, 28% of Emperor penguins) of the Antarctic sea ice ecosystem. The trophic pathways in this system are complex in both space and time. One scenario for the Ross Sea ecosystem is that diatoms are grazed by krill, which are in turn the preferred food of fish, penguins and other predators. Phaeocystis colonies, on the other hand lead to grazing by pteropods and other organisms that are a non-favoured food source for top predators. Remotely sensed chlorophyll, indicating all phytoplankton, is then suggested to be a relatively poor predictor of penguin foraging efforts. This is also consistent with notion that algal species composition is very important to penguin grazing pressure, mediated by krill, and perhaps resulting in selective depletion.
This collaborative research sets out to use an autonomous glider, equipped with a range of sensors, and informed by satellite chlorophyll imagery to be combined with 3-dimenisonal active penguin tracking to their preferred foraging sites. The effect of localized grazing pressure of krill on the appearance and disappearance of algal blooms will also be followed. Overall the objective of the research is to reconcile and explain several years of the study of the foraging habits and strategies of (top predator) penguins at the Cape Crozier site (Ross Island), with the dynamics of krill and their supporting algal food webs. The use of a glider to answer a primarily ecological questions is subject to moderate to high risk, and is potentially transformative.
Related publications:
Ainley DG, Ballard G, Jones RM, Jongsomjit D, Pierce SD, Smith WO Jr, Veloz S. 2015. Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 534:1-16. doi:10.3354/meps11394
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) |