Dataset: Dissolved and Particulate Trace Elements
Deployment: RR1604

Dissolved and particulate trace elements collected on cruise RR1604 (GO-SHIP transect IO9N) in the Eastern Indian Ocean from March to April 2016

Principal Investigator:

Benjamin Twining (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Michael W. Lomas (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences)

Adam Martiny (University of California-Irvine, UC Irvine)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

Collaborative Research: Regional variation of phytoplankton diversity and biogeochemical functioning in the subtropical Indian Ocean (IO Phytoplankton)

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Deployment Synonyms:

GO-SHIP IO9

Data URL:

https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/767661/data

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Description

Dissolved and particulate trace elements collected on cruise RR1604 (GO-SHIP transect IO9N) in the Eastern Indian Ocean from March to April 2016.

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Samples were collected from 5 L Teflon-coated Niskin-X bottles hung on non-metal line, and clean techniques were followed throughout (Bruland et al., 1979). Niskin-X bottles were transferred to a clean lab immediately after retrieval. At most stations a single sample was collected from 20 m. Four-depth profiles extending to 200 m were collected at 6 stations along the transect.

For dissolved metal analysis, 300 mL of seawater was filtered through acid-washed 47 mm 0.4 μm polycarbonate filters into 250 mL LDPE bottles which were acid-cleaned following GEOTRACES protocols (Cutter et al., 2010). A vacuum filtration apparatus was used, with all parts in contact with the sample composed of acid-washed PFA. The assembly was rinsed with 3 aliquots of sample prior to sample collection. Samples were acidified with Optima HCl to 0.024 M, double bagged, and stored for analysis on shore.

Dissolved samples were analyzed using an ESI seaFAST SP2 coupled to a Perkin Elmer Nexion 350D ICP-MS. Sample aliquots were transferred to 30 mL LDPE bottles. Approximately 8 mL of sample was taken up to rinse and fill a 6 mL preconcentration loop. Samples were buffered in-line with resin-cleaned 4 M ammonium acetate buffer-adjusted to pH = 6.0 ± 0.1 and passed through an ESI pre-concentration column with a 200 μL resin bed volume. The final concentration of the buffer in the samples was 0.88 M. Metals were eluted off the column with 200 μL of 1.6 M Optima-grade HNO₃. Eluted metals passed through a PFA nebulizer, quartz spray chamber, and nickel cones on their way to an ammonia-filled dynamic reaction cell (0.55 mL/min flow).

Quantification was achieved by standard additions automated by the seaFAST system. A standard addition solution of 6.9 nM Fe, 46 nM Mn, 4.5 nM Zn, and 1.1 nM Pb was made in 0.024 M HCl. Concentrations in this solution were quantified using an external curve. Additions were introduced as the sample filled the preconcentration loop. The volume introduced by standard additions was kept constant, with 0.024 M Optima HCl making up the difference for samples with no additions. Each sample was spiked with 2 additions averaging roughly 100% and 200% of the sample concentration.

Approximately 4L of water from Niskin bottles was filtered for particulate metals. The bottles were pressurized to approximately 5 psi with 0.2 μm filtered air and seawater passed through 25 mm 0.4 μm Supor filter membranes. The membranes were housed in Swinnex polypropylene filter holders and attached to the Niskin-X bottles with Teflon tubing and polycarbonate fittings. The membrane was transferred to an acid washed petri-slide, double bagged, and kept frozen at -20°C for analysis on shore.

Labile and total particulate concentrations were analyzed through sequential digestion of the Supor membranes following protocol of Rauschenberg and Twining (2015). Membranes were first leached using an acetic acid-hydroxylamine solution (Berger et al., 2008) then transferred to a PFA vial and digested with a 4M HCl/4M HNO3/4M HF mixture (Ohnemus et al., 2014). Reference materials and process blanks – filters that had 2 L of 0.2 μm filtered seawater passed through them –were sequentially digested alongside the samples.

Digests were analyzed using a Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS equipped with a quartz nebulizer, cyclonic spray chamber, and nickel cones. Cd was analyzed in low resolution while all other elements were analyzed in medium resolution. In-115 was used as a drift monitor, and quantification was performed using an external curve.

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Dissolved metal samples were instrument blank corrected and quantified using standard additions. Multiple 'process blanks' (0.024 M HCl spiked with 0.1% seawater) were run daily, and daily detection limits were calculated based on 3x the standard deviation of the process blanks.

All particulate ICP-MS data were normalized to an internal standard (In-115) and quantified using external calibration curves. Concentrations of each element per filter were calculated and the contribution of the process blank (measured as the elements contained in an acid-washed filter through which 0.2-µm filtered water was passed during the cruise) was then subtracted. Separate process blanks were calculated for the labile and total digestions. Element concentrations (per liter of water filtered) were calculated by dividing the per filter concentration by the volume of water passed through each filter.

Data quality:
Data are flagged with the following:
1 = Good data, passed QC;
3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent;
4 = Bad;
6 = Below detection limit.

BCO-DMO Processing: modified parameter names (removed units, replaced hyphens and spaces with underscores, added "_flag" to flag columns, replaced blank cells with "nd")

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-1559021	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name: Perkin Elmer Nexion 350D ICP-MS

Supplied Description:

ESI seaFAST SP2 coupled to a Perkin Elmer Nexion 350D ICP-MS was used for dissolved element analysis.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: ICP Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/

Generic Description:

An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name: Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS

Supplied Description:

Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS was used for particulate analysis.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: ICP Mass Spec

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/

Generic Description:

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name: Teflon-coated Niskin-X bottles

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Station	Station number	unitless	station
Latitude	station latitude; positive values = North	degrees N	lat
Longitude	station longitude; positive values = East	degrees E	lon
Depth	sample depth	meters	depth
dFe	dissolved iron	nanomolar (nM)	Fe
dFe_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Fe
dMn	dissolved manganese	nM	Mn
dMn_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Mn
dZn	dissolved zinc	nM	Zn
dZn_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Zn
dPb	dissolved lead	nM	Pb
dPb_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Pb
Cd_Lab	labile particulate cadmium	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Cd_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Mo_Lab	labile particulate molybdenum	pM	Mo
Mo_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Mo
Pb_Lab	labile particulate lead	pM	Pb
Pb_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Pb
Ba_Lab	labile particulate barium	pM	Ba
Ba_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Ba
Al_Lab	labile particulate aluminum	pM	Al
Al_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Al
Mn_Lab	labile particulate manganese	pM	Mn
Mn_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Mn
Fe_Lab	labile particulate iron	pM	Fe
Fe_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Fe
Co_Lab	labile particulate cobalt	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Co_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Cu_Lab	labile particulate copper	pM	Cu
Cu_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Cu
Ni_Lab	labile particulate nickel	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Ni_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
P_Lab	labile particulate phosphorus	nM	P
P_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	P
Ti_Lab	labile particulate titanium	pM	Ti
Ti_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Ti
V_Lab	labile particulate vanadium	pM	V
V_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	V
Zn_Lab	labile particulate zinc	pM	Zn
Zn_Lab_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Zn
Cd_Tot	total particulate cadmium	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Cd_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Mo_Tot	total particulate molybdenum	pM	Mo
Mo_Tot_Flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Mo
Pb_Tot	total particulate lead	pM	Pb
Pb_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Pb
Ba_Tot	total particulate barium	pM	Ba
Ba_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Ba
Al_Tot	total particulate aluminum	pM	Al
Al_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Al
Mn_Tot	total particulate manganese	pM	Mn
Mn_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Mn
Fe_Tot	total particulate iron	pM	Fe
Fe_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Fe
Co_Tot	total particulate cobalt	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Co_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Cu_Tot	total particulate copper	pM	Cu
Cu_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Cu
Ni_Tot	total particulate nickel	pM	no_bcodmo_term
Ni_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
P_Tot	total particulate phosphorus	nM	P
P_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	P
Ti_Tot	total particulate titanium	pM	Ti
Ti_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Ti
V_Tot	total particulate vanadium	pM	V
V_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	V
Zn_Tot	total particulate zinc	pM	Zn
Zn_Tot_flag	quality flag for element indicated: 1 = Good data, passed QC; 3 = Questionable or suspect data, used when a data point was oceanographically inconsistent; 4 = Bad; 6 = Below detection limit.	unitless	Zn

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: Dissolved and Particulate Trace Elements
Deployment: RR1604

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: Dissolved and Particulate Trace ElementsDeployment: RR1604

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: Dissolved and Particulate Trace Elements
Deployment: RR1604