Dataset: Elemental and isotopic noble gas ratios and N2/Ar from the North Atlantic: BATS data

Name: Elemental and isotopic noble gas ratios from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series (BATS) on cruise 10391 on R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2208) from 30 April 2022 to 05 May 2022
Published: 2023-02-22
Keywords: noble gas, North Atlantic, nitrogen, gas exchange, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.890342.1

Spatial Extent: N:31.83333 E:-64.16667 S:31.83333 W:-64.16667

Temporal Extent: 2022-04-30 - 2022-06-10

Project:

Collaborative Research: Novel constraints on air-sea gas exchange and deep ocean ventilation from high-precision noble gas isotope measurements in seawater (HPNGI)

Collaborative Research: Probing the Ventilation Efficiency of the Deep Ocean with Conservative Dissolved Gas Tracers in Archived Samples (TTO NGs and O2)

Principal Investigator:

Alan M. Seltzer (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Co-Principal Investigator:

Peter Barry (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

William J. Jenkins (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

Samar Khatiwala (University of Oxford, Oxford)

David P. Nicholson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI)

William M. Smethie Jr. (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

Rachel Stanley (Wellesley College)

Martin Stute (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, LDEO)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Shannon Rauch (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2023-02-22

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Elemental and isotopic noble gas ratios from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series (BATS) on cruise 10391 on R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2208) from 30 April 2022 to 05 May 2022

Abstract:

This dataset includes new observations of heavy noble gas ratios (elemental and isotopic ratios) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series (BATS) on cruise 10391 on R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2208) from 30 April 2022 - 05 May 2022. These data were used, along with measurements of Kr/Ar and N2/Ar ratios in stored dissolved gas samples from the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) program, to model simulations of these tracers using the Transport Matrix Method (TMM). Together these new measurements and model simulations provide insight into physical processes governing gas exchange in the high-latitude regions of North Atlantic Deep Water formation, and a comparison of physical simulations of N2/Ar ratios to observations in TTO samples reveals excess N2 that arises from benthic denitrification in the deep North Atlantic.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier (PID)	Date PID Issued
2023-02-22	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.890342.1	2023-02-24

Methods & Sampling

Note: all methods are described in detail in the accompanying publication currently in final review at Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Samples were collected in the field at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series (BATS) on cruise 10391 on R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2208) from 30 April 2022 - 05 May 2022. Samples were collected at the BATS site located at 31°50'N, 64°10'W. Samples were collected in evacuated 6-liter (L) stainless steel canisters by subsampling from 12-L Niskin bottles, filling each to ~3.5 L.

Noble gas isotopes and elemental ratios were measured in the Seltzer Lab at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution following the methods described in Seltzer and Bekaert (2022). In the lab, samples were equilibrated on a shaking table at constant temperature before being drained, leaving a headspace that was chemically gettered to remove all reactive gases. The purified sample was analyzed on a dual-inlet mass spectrometer in the Seltzer Lab for stable Argon, Krypton, and Xenon (Ar, Kr, and Xe) isotope ratios as well as Kr/Ar and Xe/Ar ratios. All samples (n=27) were analyzed between 13 May and 10 June 2022 and air standards were analyzed weekly throughout this period.

The model simulations are available as a related dataset at BCO-DMO. See: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890293

Data Processing Description

Data Processing:
All data were processed using MATLAB. Codes are available upon request.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD format.

Data Files

File
bats_measurements.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 6.16 KB) MD5:82bfe8c2f1e628a2e5e4bc2ab9af3bb4 Primary data file for datset ID 890342.

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-1923915
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2122427

Deployments

Deployment	Synonyms	Start Date	Platform	Investigator
AE2208	10391 61426 61427 BATS	2022-04-30	R/V Atlantic Explorer	Paul J. Lethaby (Chief Scientist)	data info

Instruments

Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer

Supplied Name: Thermo MAT 253 Plus

Supplied Description:

A Thermo MAT 253 Plus dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer with custom 10-cup collector was used for Ar/Kr/Xe analysis.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer

Acronym: IR Mass Spec; IRMS

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/

Generic Description:

The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).

Niskin bottle

Supplied Name: 12-L Niskin bottles

Supplied Description:

Samples were collected in evacuated 6-liter (L) stainless steel canisters by subsampling from 12-L Niskin bottles.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Shaker

Supplied Name: shaking table

Supplied Description:

Samples were equilibrated on a shaking table at constant temperature.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Shaker

Generic Description:

A Shaker is a piece of lab equipment used to mix, blend, or to agitate substances in tube(s) or flask(s) by shaking them, which is mainly used in the fields of chemistry and biology. A shaker contains an oscillating board which is used to place the flasks, beakers, test tubes, etc.

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Date_Meas	Date of sample collection Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Cast	Rosette cast number on BATS cruise 10391	unitless	cast
Bottle	Rosette bottle number on BATS cruise 10391	unitless	bottle
Depth	Sample depth	meeters (m)	depth
T	Sample temperature	degrees C	temp
S	Sample salinity	Practical Salinity Units (PSU)	sal
Theta	Potential temperature	degrees C	potemp
Pres	Sample pressure	decibars (dbar)	press
Flask_ID	serial number of flask	unitless	sample
Flask_Weight_Empty	weight of evacuated sample flask	grams (g)	weight
Flask_Weight_Full	weight of full flask	grams (g)	weight
Flask_Weight_Drained	Weight of drained flask	grams (g)	weight
Shaking_EQ_Temp	temperature during headspace equibration	degrees C	temp
Shaking_EQ_Time	equilibration time on shaker table	days	time_elapsed
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_40_to_36	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 40/36	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_38_to_36	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 38/36	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_86_to_82	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 86/82	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_86_to_84	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 86/84	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_136_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 136/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_134_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 134/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_132_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 132/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_131_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 131/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_130_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 130/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_128_to_129	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) 128/129	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_Kr_to_Ar	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) Kr/Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Dissolved_gas_dvalue_Xe_to_Ar	Dissolved gas δ values (w.r.t. air, per mil) Xe/Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_anomaly_Kr_to_Ar	Solubility Anomalies. Deviations of dissolved gas ratios from solubility equilibrium. Δ (‰) Kr/Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_anomaly_Xe_to_Ar	Solubility Anomalies. Deviations of dissolved gas ratios from solubility equilibrium. Δ (‰) Xe/Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_anomaly_40_to_36Ar	Solubility Anomalies. Deviations of dissolved gas ratios from solubility equilibrium. Δ (‰) 40/36Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_anomaly_86_to_82Kr	Solubility Anomalies. Deviations of dissolved gas ratios from solubility equilibrium. Δ (‰) 86/82Kr	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_anomaly_136_to_129Xe	Solubility Anomalies. Deviations of dissolved gas ratios from solubility equilibrium. Δ (‰) 136/129Xe	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_equilibria_40_to_36Ar	Solubility equilibria. Deviations of solubility equilibrium ratios from air. (‰, vs air) 40/36Ar	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_equilibria_86_to_82Kr	Solubility equilibria. Deviations of solubility equilibrium ratios from air. (‰, vs air) 86/82Kr	permil (0/00)	ratio
Solubility_equilibria_136_to_129Xe	Solubility equilibria. Deviations of solubility equilibrium ratios from air. (‰, vs air) 136/129Xe	permil (0/00)	ratio

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Dataset: Elemental and isotopic noble gas ratios and N2/Ar from the North Atlantic: BATS data