Dataset: Summary data from the Heatwaves and Coral-Recovery Database (HeatCRD)

Name: Summary data from the Heatwaves and Coral-Recovery Database (HeatCRD) covering global coral reef sites from 1977-2020
Published: 2024-08-15
Keywords: coral reefs, coral cover, marine heatwaves, recovery, biota, oceans

Cite This Dataset

DOI:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.933334.1

Spatial Extent: N:34.803 E:179.9644722 S:-30.2625 W:-179.97433333333

Global coral reefs

Temporal Extent: 1977-03-15 - 2020-08-15

Project:

Thermal stress and differential recovery of coral reefs (Coral Recovery)

Principal Investigator:

Robert van Woesik (Florida Institute of Technology, FIT)

Data Manager:

Chelsey Kratochwill (Florida Institute of Technology, FIT)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Audrey Mickle (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Version:

Version Date:

2024-08-15

Restricted:

Validated:

Yes

Current State:

Final no updates expected

Summary data from the Heatwaves and Coral-Recovery Database (HeatCRD) covering global coral reef sites from 1977-2020

Abstract:

This dataset is a summary table of the Heatwaves and Coral-Recovery Database (HeatCRD) introduced in van Woesik and Kratochwill (2024). The HeatCRD is the most comprehensive reference on coral recovery following marine heatwaves and other disturbances, encompassing 29,205 data records spanning 44 years from 12,266 sites, 83 countries, and 160 data sources. These data provide essential information to coral-reef scientists and managers to best guide coral-reef conservation efforts at both local and regional scales. The dataset includes metadata for coral reef sampling events, such as site descriptions, geographical coordinates, depth, distance to shore, exposure, turbidity, coral cover percentages, MPA descriptions, temperature measurements, windspeed, and thermal stress indicators over 23 years. See van Woesik and Kratochwill (2024) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03221-3 for more information.

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Archival Copy

Version Date	Archive	Persistent Identifier (PID)	Date PID Issued
2024-08-15	Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.933334.1	2024-08-20

Methods & Sampling

Data were collected from 160 data sources including data from established monitoring programs and new data extracted from the literature. To date, we have coral data for 12,266 sites, from 83 countries, from 1977 to 2020. Coral-cover data were extracted from the primary literature using WebPlotDigitizer version 4.6 (Marin, 2017). Sampling points that fell on land or were > 1 km from any coral reef were removed. If sites were not named or given explicit coordinates, the coordinates were estimated and a comment was added to the data table. The coordinates were entered into Google Earth and the location names, distance to land in meters, and exposure were determined and recorded for each site. Exposure to waves was based on a site’s potential exposure to predominant winds, swell, and fetch (i.e., the extent of open ocean). Mean turbidity (Kd490) was added for each site (Sully and Woesik, (2020)). The Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) shapefiles (Spalding et al., 2007) and IUCN’s (International Union for Conservation of Nature) World Database on Protected Areas (2022) were used to determine in which marine realm and protected area each site was located. Veron et al. (2015)'s ecoregions shapefiles were used to determine the ecoregion of each site. Data on the types of reef habitats were extracted from the Allen Coral Atlas (Lyons et al., 2022). The Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD version 6; Saha et al., 2018), which is a collection of sea surface temperature variables, was used to extract temperature metrics for each sampling event (Sully et al., 2019). CoRTAD values were only extracted for a sampling event if sampled data had a clearly defined month and year — where sampling events were missing a date, the 15th day of the month was used. For any data given as a range (i.e., depth or date), the midpoint was taken and a comment was added to the HeatCRD.

See van Woesik and Kratochwill (2024) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03221-3 for more information.

Data Processing Description

WebPlotDigitizer (Marin, 2017; version 4.6) was used to extract coral-cover data from primary literature. Data figures from each publication were uploaded as image files, axes were calibrated based on the chart type, and points added to extract the coral cover values at each location. Those values were then added to the database.

QGIS (QGIS, 2024; version 3.26.3) was used to extract habitat, MPA, ecoregion, and realm. Habitat shapefiles were downloaded from Allen Coral Atlas (Lyons at al. 2022), Ecoregion shapefiles from Veron et al. (2015), Realm shapefiles from Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) (Spalding et al., 2007). A csv with the coordinates of each site was uploaded to QGIS along with the aforementioned shapefiles. I ensured the coordinate reference systems were accurate then used the NNJoin (havatv, 2019; version 3.1.3) plugin to extract the shapefile values that correspond to each site coordinate. The NNJoin plugin gives a distance value for any points that fell outside of a polygon. These values were then added to the database.

R (R Core Team, 2023; version 4.3.0) was used to extract CoRTAD and turbidity. R code (Sully, 2019a) was used to extract the turbidity data for each site as a raster. R code (Sully, 2019b) was used to extract the CoRTAD environmental data for each sampling event.

BCO-DMO Processing

-Extract "Sources_tbl" table from published Access database (van Woesik & Kratochwill, 2024) into "sources_without_errors.xlsx".
-Load "Heatwaves and Coral Recovery Database.xlsx" (as primary dataset), "Sources DOIs.csv", and "sources_without_errors.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system.
-Join "Sources DOIs.csv" and "sources_without_errors.xlsx" on citation field.
-Find and replace special characters and non-standard spaces in all files.
-Find and replace garbled chars in all files.
-Add combined date field to primary dataset in yyyy-mm-dd format for rows with exact date.
-Round numbers to the 100th place in primary dataset.
-Publish final files as "933334_v1_heatwave_coral_recovery_data.csv" and "933334_supplement_heatwave_coral_recovery_data_sources".

Data Files

File
933334_v1_heatwave_coral_recovery_data.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 16.44 MB) MD5:d7fc2da1a834f2d8c8349d8093e30902 Primary data file for dataset ID 933334, version 1

Supplemental Files

File

933334_supplement_heatwave_coral_recovery_data_sources.csv

(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 26.72 KB)
MD5:87e80194a395b66abc30bbb7c1db74a7

Supplemental publication source data for dataset ID 933334, version 1

Source_ID, Unique id in Sources_tbl table in the published Access database, unitless
DOI, DOI associated with a publication, unitless
Citation, Inline citation format used as a reference identifier in primary dataset, unitless
Publication_Title, Title of publication, unitless
Journal_Name, Title of publication journal, unitless
Publication_Year, Year of publication, unitless

More Information about this dataset

Funding Sources

Funding Source	Award Number
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences	OCE-2048319

Deployments

None available yet

Instruments

None available yet

Parameters

Date and time formats are described in python strftime() syntax.

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Site_ID	Unique identifier for each site.	unitless	site
Sample_ID	Unique identifier for each sampling event.	unitless	sample
Latitude_Degrees	Latitude coordinates in decimal degrees.	decimal degree	lat
Longitude_Degrees	Longitude coordinates in decimal degrees.	decimal degree	lon
Ocean_Name	Ocean where sampling took place.	unitless	region
Realm_Name	Marine realm where sampling took place.	unitless	region
Ecoregion_Name	Ecoregion where sampling took place.	unitless	region
Ecoregion_distance	Distance in degrees of the site from the nearest ecoregion polygon.	degrees	length
Country_Name	The country where sampling took place.	unitless	region
State_Island_Province_Name	The state, province, or island where sampling took place.	unitless	region
Location_Name	Site or reef where sampling took place.	unitless	site_descrip
Site_Name	Accepted name of the site or the name given by the team that sampled the reef.	unitless	site_descrip
Habitat_Type	Habitat type where sampling took place.	unitless	site_descrip
Habitat_Distance	Distance in degrees the site coordinate fell from the nearest habitat polygon.	degrees	length
Date_Day	Day of month of the sampling event.	unitless	day
Date_Month	Month of the sampling event.	unitless	month
Date_Year	Year of the sampling event.	unitless	year
Date	Date of sampling event, YYYY-mm-dd Format: %Y-%m-%d	unitless	date
Depth	Depth (m) of the sampling site.	meters (m)	depth
Distance_to_shore	Distance (m) of the sampling site from the nearest land.	meters (m)	length
Exposure	Site was considered exposed if it had > 20 km of fetch, if there were strong seasonal winds, or if the site faced the prevailing winds. Otherwise, the site was considered sheltered.	unitless	site_descrip
Turbidity	Mean 490kd with a buffer of 10 km.	reciprocal meters (m-1)	turbidity
Citation	Original source of the data.	unitless	reference_paper
Site_Comments	Comments on any issues with the site or additional information.	unitless	site_descrip
Sample_Comments	Comments on any issue or additional information about the sampling event.	unitless	sample_descrip
Percent_Hard_Coral_Cover	Percentage live coral cover.	percent	percent_cover
Percent_Macroalgal_Cover	Percentage of macroalgal cover.	percent	percent_cover
Cover_Comments	Comments on any issue or additional information about the cover.	unitless	sample_descrip
MPA_Name	Name of the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
Designation	Designation of the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
Designation_Type	Category of the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
IUCN_Category	IUCN management category.	unitless	site_descrip
Marine	Describes if a protected area is totally or partially within the marine habitat. 0 (predominantly or entirely terrestrial), 1 (Coastal: marine and terrestrial), and 2 (predominantly or entirely marine). The value '1' is only used for polygons.	unitless	site_descrip
Reported_Marine_Area	Area of protected area in marine habitat in km2.	km2	area
No_Take	Whether the taking of resources is prohibited.	unitless	site_descrip
No_Take_Area	Area of no take in km2.	km2	area
Status	Status of the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
Status_Year	Year the status of the protected area was effective.	year	site_descrip
Governance_Type	Organization/government in charge of the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
Ownership_Type	Organization/government that legally ‘owns’ a protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
Management_Authority	Group that manages the protected area.	unitless	site_descrip
MPA_Distance	Distance of site to nearest MPA polygon in degrees.	degrees	length
ClimSST	CoRTAD. [Climatological Sea-Surface Temperature (SST)] based on weekly SSTs for the study time frame, created using a harmonics approach in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	SST
Temperature_Kelvin	CoRTAD. SST in Kelvin.	Kelvin	temp
Temperature_Mean	CoRTAD. Mean SST in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	SST
Temperature_Minimum	CoRTAD. Minimum SST in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	SST
Temperature_Maximum	CoRTAD. Maximum SST in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	SST
Temperature_Kelvin_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation of SST in Kelvin.	Kelvin	temp
Windspeed	CoRTAD. Weekly-averaged 10 m wind speed time series from 1982–2012. Units are in meters per hour.	meters per hour	wind_speed
SSTA	CoRTAD. (Sea-Surface Temperature Anomaly) weekly SST minus weekly climatological SST in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The Standard Deviation of weekly SSTA in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Mean	CoRTAD. The mean SSTA in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Minimum	CoRTAD. The minimum SSTA is in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Maximum	CoRTAD. The maximum SSTA is in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	degrees Celsius	SST
SSTA_Frequency	CoRTAD. (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Frequency) Number of times over the previous 52 weeks that SSTA > = 1 degree Celsius.	SSTA per time period	count
SSTA_Frequency_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation of SSTA Frequency in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_FrequencyMax	CoRTAD. The maximum SSTA Frequency is in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_FrequencyMean	CoRTAD. The mean SSTA Frequency is in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	SSTA per time period	SST
SSTA_DHW	CoRTAD. (Sea Surface Temperature Degree Heating Weeks) the sum of the previous 12 weeks when SSTA > = 1 degree Celsius.	weeks	time_elapsed
SSTA_DHW_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation SSTA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period.	weeks	SST
SSTA_DHWMax	CoRTAD. The maximum SSTA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	weeks	SST
SSTA_DHWMean	CoRTAD. The mean SSTA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	weeks	SST
TSA	CoRTAD. (Thermal Stress Anomaly) weekly SST minus the maximum of weekly climatological SSTs in degrees Celsius.	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation of TSA in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Minimum	CoRTAD. The minimum TSA is in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Maximum	CoRTAD. The maximum TSA in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Mean	CoRTAD. The mean TSA in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	degrees Celsius	temp
TSA_Frequency	CoRTAD. The number of times over the previous 52 weeks that TSA > = 1 degree Celsius.	TSA per time period	count
TSA_Frequency_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation of the frequency of TSA in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_FrequencyMax	CoRTAD. The maximum TSA frequency in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_FrequencyMean	CoRTAD. The mean TSA frequency in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	TSA per time period	temp
TSA_DHW	CoRTAD. (Thermal Stress Anomaly Degree Heating Weeks) the sum of the previous 12 weeks when TSA > = 1 degree Celsius.	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHW_Standard_Deviation	CoRTAD. The standard deviation of TSA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHWMax	CoRTAD. The maximum TSA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	weeks	time_elapsed
TSA_DHWMean	CoRTAD. The mean TSA DHW in degrees Celsius over the entire period of 23 years.	weeks	time_elapsed