Dataset: E. depressus - parasite and feeding (Oecologia, 2014)
Deployment: Griffen_lab

We tested the effects of barnacle (Loxothylaccus panopei) parasite infection on the interaction between the flat-backed mud crab (Eurypanopeus depressus) and its prey, the scorched mussel (Brachidontes exustus). All animals used in experiments were collected from intertidal oyster reefs in tidal creeks throughout North Inlet estuary (33°20'N, 79°10'W), Georgetown, South Carolina, USA. North Inlet is a relatively pristine salt marsh consisting of ocean-dominated tidal creeks with a high average salinity (~34 ppt) and a diurnal tidal cycle (Dame et al. 1986). We ran experiments in the screened-in, outdoor wet laboratory at the adjacent Baruch Marine Field Laboratory. The field survey of parasite prevalence was also conducted in intertidal reefs throughout North Inlet. Experiments and field sampling were conducted from June through August 2012.

Functional response experiment:
We first measured the functional responses of uninfected and infected mud crabs (8-13.5 mm carapace width) foraging on the scorched mussel (4-7 mm shell length). Mussels in this size range are abundant in oyster clusters throughout the study site (Toscano and Newsome, personal observations). We identified infected crabs by the presence of parasite externae, indicative of a mature stage of parasite infection (Alvarez et al. 1995). However, we cannot discount the possibility that uninfected crabs were actually in the immature, internal stage of infection. Mussels were offered to crabs in eight densities: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 24 and 32 mussels per experimental chamber. Trials were run in a randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated a total of 12 times (12 blocks). Individual crabs were used once in this experiment.

We ran functional response experiments in plastic chambers (15 cm length × 13 cm width × 7.6 cm height) containing oyster shells to simulate the structure of natural oyster reef habitat. Each chamber received five cleaned and dried oyster shells (7-10 cm shell length) to provide a relatively consistent substrate for mussels to attach to. The necessary number of mussels for a given treatment was evenly distributed over the shell throughout each chamber. Experimental chambers were then placed in a larger cylindrical flow-through seawater tank (97 cm diameter × 41 cm depth, water depth: 25 cm) and mussels were allowed to attach to oyster shells over a 12 h period. Crabs were starved for a 24 h period before placement in the chambers to standardize hunger levels. After starvation, crabs were allowed to forage for a 13 h period overnight, generally from 1900 to 0800 h. Chambers received a constant flow of unfiltered sea water from North Inlet throughout this period. After 13 h, the number of remaining mussels was recorded. All dead mussels showed signs of being preyed upon by crabs (cracked shells).